Timeline+of+Educational+Technology

This is my project for Educational Technology showing the current progress of my timeline as seen below.

|| **Year** || **Strand** || **Event** || **Description/Significance** || ** Web Reference ** ||
 * 8000 BC || 1:Toffler Wave 1 || Agricultural Age begins || The Agricultural Age began around 8000 BC and extended to about 1650-1750 AD per Toffler. Characteristics include: extended families, jobs in agriculture, face-to-face communications, and transportation by foot or horse. || The first wave: the agricultural revolution. (2011). //Waves of the Future//. Retrieved from http://wavesofthefuture.net/wave-agricultural-revolution-environment-hunting-gathering.shtml ||
 * 1750 || 1:Toffler Wave 2 || Industrial Age begins || The Industrial Age began between 1650 and 1750 and extended to about 1955 per Toffler. Characteristics include: nuclear families, jobs in factories, and transportation using automobiles and airplanes. || The second wave: the industrial revolution. (2011). //Waves of the Future//. Retrieved from http://wavesofthefuture.net/wave-industrial-fossil-fuels-oil-crisis.shtml ||
 * 1901 || 2: Technology || First radio receiver receives transmission || Signals the start of a new era in communications. Prior to radio transmissions were visual or done with homing pigeons. || Belles, M. (2011). The roots of radio. //About.com.// Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm ||
 * 1901 || 3: Work || Morgan consolidates U.S. Steel || World's first billion dollar company. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1902 || 4: Education || Edward Thorndike's laws of learning || 1. law of exercise or repetion, 2. law of effect, 3.law of readiness (Saettler, 2004) || Linder, A.R. (2004). Internet and education: one mom's perspective. //Creativity Portal//. Retrieved from http://kids.creativity-portal.com/d/articles/internet.education.shtml ||
 * 1902 || 6: Educational Legislature || American Assoc. of Agricultural Colleges recommendation. || Recommends the teaching of agriculture in schools. || School: the story of american public education. (n.d.) //PBS//. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/testing_master3.html ||
 * 1903 || 2:Technology || Wright Brothers invent first gas powered and manned airplane || Allowed for flight that was powered by an engine versus as a glider alone. || Wright, O. (n.d.) How we made the first flight. Retrieved from http://www.aero-web.org/history/wright/first.htm ||
 * 1903 || 5: Society and Culture || The Wright Brothers take flight || Forever changed how man was able to travel from one location to another. || Wright, O. (n.d.) How we made the first flight. Retrieved from http://www.aero-web.org/history/wright/first.htm ||
 * 1906 || 6: Educational Legislature || Mass. Commission on Industrial and Technical Educations recommendation. || Recommends the teaching of vocational skills in schools. || School: the story of american public education. (n.d.) //PBS//. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/testing_master3.html ||
 * 1907 || 4: Education || Maria Montessori's first Children's Houses using Montessori Method || She believed that the learning environment was just as important as the learning itself. Students taught independence while learning (Saettler, 2004). || Flaherty, T. (n.d.). Maria Montessori. //Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society//. Retrieved from http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/montessori.html ||
 * 1907 || 5: Society and Culture || U.S. immigration peaks || Immigrants race to America for a chance at a better life. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1908 || 3: Work || William Durant forms General Motors || Comes to dominate the auto industry. || William Durant creates general motors. (2011). //History.com//. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/william-durant-creates-general-motors ||
 * 1910 || 2:Technology || Thomas Edison invents the first talking picture || First time that sound was incorporated into film. Prior to this films were silent. || Sydenham, S. & Thomas, R. (2000) Thomas Edison. Retrieved from http://www.cyber.com.au ||
 * 1910 || 3: Work || Hallmark begins || Begins the commercialization of the holidays. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 100 to 81. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html# ||
 * 1910 || 4: Education || John Dewey's "How We Think" introduces conception of instruction in terms of sci method || All worth while thinking is reflection. Reflection is a psychological process. (Saettler, 2004) || Smith, M. (2001). John Dewey. //The Encyclopedia of Informal Education//. Retrieved from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-dewey.htm ||
 * 1913 || 3: Work || Ford introduces the Assembly Line || This process helps to signal mass production in the U.S. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 20 to 1. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747942/1.html# ||
 * 1913 || 5: Society and Culture || Suffragettes march on Washington || Historic march in the push for women's rights. || Harvey, S. (n.d.). Marching for the vote: remembering the woman suffrage parade of 1913. //Library of Congress.// Retrieved from http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/aw01e/aw01e.html ||
 * 1914 || 3: Work || The Panama Canal opens || Leads to massive trading benefits because ships no longer need sail around South America. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 100 to 81. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html# ||
 * 1916 || 6: Educational Legislature || Compulsory school attendance in GA || Students required to attend school || State compulsory attendance laws. (2007). //Information Please Database//. Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0112617.html ||
 * 1917 || 5: Society and Culture || The U.S. enters WWI || United States enters the Great World War. U.S. production goes into high gear. || The great war and the shaping of the 20th century. (2004). //Community Television of Southern California//. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/ ||
 * 1917 || 6: Educational Legislature || Smith-Hughes Act || the first approval for vocational education in public schools. || Patterson, S. (n.d.) The Smith-Hughes act of 1917. //University of Georgia.// Retrieved from http://jschell.myweb.uga.edu/history/legis/smithughes.htm ||
 * 1918 || 4: Education || Kilpatrick develops the project method || Emaphasied the goals of John Dewey. Placed emphasis on activities like problem solving, that were in harmony with the learner's goals (Saettler, 2004). || Knoll, M. (2011). Project method. //Net Industries//. Retrieved from http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2337/Project-Method.html ||
 * 1919 || 2: Technology || Short-wave radio invented || Made sending signals back and forth between locations much easier. || Belles, M. (2011). The roots of radio. //About.com.// Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm ||
 * 1920 || 4: Education || The Dalton Plan developed by Helen Parkhurst and adopted by Dalton MA High School || Emphasized learning by differentiation by different levels of ability, self-instruction, and tutoring help on an individual basis (Saettler, 2004). || Plans for individualized instruction. (n.d.). //College of Education// - //University of Houston//. Retrieved from http://faculty.coe.uh.edu/smcneil/cuin6373/idhistory/individualized_instruction.html ||
 * 1920 || 4: Education || Lewin's Cognitive-field Theory of Learning || "Behavior depends on the interaction of the Person and the Environment within a psychological field or life space," (Saettler, 2004, p. 68). || Neill, J. (2004). Field theory - Kurt Lewin. //Wilderdom//. Retrieved from http://wilderdom.com/theory/FieldTheory.html ||
 * 1920 || 5: Society and Culture || The 19th Amendment gives women the right to vote || Women are given the right to vote in helping to determine leadership in the U.S. || 19th amendment to the U.S. constitution: women's right to vote (1920). (n.d.). //Our Documents//. Retrieved from http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=63 ||
 * 1922 || 5: Society and Culture || NY's WEAF broadcasts the first radio ad || The start of the advertisements on the radio. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1923 || 6: Educational Legislature || Meyer v. Nebraska || Banning foreign language instruction. Later reversed. || Meyer v. state of nebraska. (n.d.). //Cornell University Law School//. Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0262_0390_ZO.html ||
 * 1925 || 2: Technology || Television invented. || New method of communication that allows pictures and sound to be transmitted. || The first demostration of television. (2010). //Baird Television//. Retrieved from http://www.bairdtelevision.com/firstdemo.html ||
 * 1925 || 3: Work || Sears Roebuck & Co opens first store || One of the largest department stores that also offers mailing options for purchase. || Sears history - 1925. (2011). //Sears Brands, LLC//. Retrieved from http://www.searsarchives.com/history/history1925.htm ||
 * 1925 || 6: Educational Legislature || Tennessee v. John Scopes ("The Monkey Trial") || Dealing with the teaching of evolution in schools. || Herndon, P. (2011). The constitution, censorship, and the schools: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. //Yale University//. Retrieved from http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/pubs/A5/herndon.html ||
 * 1926 || 2: Technology || First liquid fueled rocket || Leads to development of missiles and space flight. || Jenner, L. (ed.) (2009). Dr. Robert H. Goddard, american rocketry pioneer. //NASA//. Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/dr_goddard.html ||
 * 1929 || 3: Work || The Stock Market crashes || This event is believed to have signaled the start of the Great Depression. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 20 to 1. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747942/1.html# ||
 * 1929 || 5: Society and Culture || The Great Depression begins || Crash of the stock market is thought to bring about this event. The U.S. economy is in shambles. || Smiley, G. (2008). Great depression. //Liberty Fund, Inc//. Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.html ||
 * 1930 || 2: Technology || Analog computer invented by Vannevur Bush @ MIT || Created to speed up the process of mathematical formulas. Predecessor to the calculator. || Analog computer. (2011). //Net Industries//. Retrieved from http://science.jrank.org/pages/1691/Computer-Analog.html ||
 * 1930 || 3: Work || The first U.S. Supermarket, King Kullen, opens || Changes the way Americans purchase their food. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 100 to 81. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html# ||
 * 1930 || 4: Education || Guthrie's contiguity theory || Emphasized classical conditioning rather than reinforcement (Saettler, 2004). || Contiguity theory (E. Guthrie). (2009). //University of South Alabama//. Retrieved from http://www.southalabama.edu/oll/mobile/theory_workbook/contiguity_theory.htm ||
 * 1931 || 4: Education || Morrison's formula for mastery || "Pretest, teach, test the result, adapt procedure, teach and test again to the point of actual learning," (Saettler, 2004, p. 65) || Mergel, B. (n.d.). The basics of behaviorism. //Miami Dade College.// Retrieved from http://faculty.mdc.edu/jmcnair/Joe14pages/basics_of_behaviorism.htm ||
 * 1931 || 6: Educational Legislature || Alvarez v. the Board of Trustee of Lemon Grove (CA) School District || Nation's first successful desegregation lawsuit. || Alvarez, Jr., R. (n.d.). The lemon grove incident. //San Diego History Center.// Retrieved from http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/86spring/lemongrove.htm ||
 * 1933 || 2: Technology || FM radio invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong || Improved audio signals by lowering amounts of static || Bellis, M. (2011). Edwin Howard Armstrong. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventors/a/Armstrong.htm ||
 * 1933 || 5: Society and Culture || The New Deal begins || Set of goals by FDR to relieve, recover and reform from the Great Depression || The great depression and the new deal. (n.d.). //Library of Congress//. Retrieved from http://memory.loc.gov/wpaintro/intro01.html ||
 * 1933 || 6: Educational Legislature || Public Works Administration works to build new schools || Old schools were mostly one room school houses. New schools built by PWA are more than one room allowing for separation. || Public Works Administration. (2003). T//he Eleanor Roosevelt Papers//. Retrieved from http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/pwa.htm ||
 * 1934 || 3: Work || FDR signs act to create the Federal Housing Administration || The government acts to help millions to purchase homes. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 80 to 61. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747907/1.html# ||
 * 1934 || 5: Society and Culture || The Dust Bowl begins || Dust storms that hit the U.S. and showed the poor farming practices of farmers. || Ganzel, B. (2003). The dust bowl. Living History Farm. Retrieved from http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_02.html ||
 * 1934 || 5: Society and Culture || The Agricultural Investment Act || Creates price supports and controls on crop production regulated through the federal government. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1935 || 5: Society and Culture || The Social Security Act || Established a system of benefits for old age workers, victims of accidents, unemployment insurance, and aid. || Social security act (1935). (n.d.). //Our Documents//. Retrieved from http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=68 ||
 * 1936 || 3: Work || Hoover Dam completed || Helps to expand the Southwest for development || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 80 to 61. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747907/1.html# ||
 * 1937 || 2:Technology || Chester F. Carlson invents the photocopier || Allowed for pages to be copied quickly. || Bellis, M. (2011). The history of xerox. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/xyzstartinventions/a/xerox.htm ||
 * 1940 || 2: Technology || Peter Goldmark invents the modern color tv system || Introduced color images. Previously images were black and white. || Bellis, M. (2011). Color television history. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcolortelevision.htm ||
 * 1940 || 3: Work || Charles Merrill recreates Merrill Lynch || Leads to the creation of the largest retail brokerage. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1940 || 4: Education || Skinner's Operant Conditioning || Learning occurs through reinforcements of behaviors. Reinforcement must immediately follow the behavior (Saettler, 2004). || Cherry, K. (2011). Introduction to operant conditioning. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/introopcond.htm ||
 * 1940 || 4: Education || Piaget's theory of cognitive development for instruction || There are 4 stages in development. These are: (1) sensory-motor, (2) preoperational, (3) concrete operations, and (4) formal operations (Saettler, 2004). || Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. //Educational Psychology Interactive//.Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/piaget.html ||
 * 1941 || 5: Society and Culture || The U.S. enters WWII || U.S. enters the War after the attack on Pearl Harbor. U.S. production once again goes into high gear. || The perilous fight: America's world war II in color. (2003). //KCTS Television//. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/ ||
 * 1941 || 6: Educational Legislature || Lanham Act || Gave money to school districts based on military prescence in the area. || The federal role in education. (2010). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html ||
 * 1942 || 2: Technology || first electronic digital computer invented by John Atanasoff and Clifford Barny || Predecessor to the modern computer || Bellis, M. (2011). Inventors of the modern computer. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa050898.htm ||
 * 1944 || 6: Educational Legislature || GI Bill of Rights || Makes college and advanced training to millions of vets. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1945 || 2: Technology || The atomic bomb invented || New source for energy and potential for destruction. Proved theories about the existence of atoms. || The first atomic bomb blast, 1945. (2003). //Eyewitness to History.com//. Retrieved from http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/atomictest.htm ||
 * 1946 || 5: Society and Culture || The baby boom begins || Thought to begin with the massive return of troops from WWII. Number of babies born increases dramatically to produce this generation of Americans. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1946 || 6: Educational Legislature || George-Barden Act || Focused on industrial and home economics training for high school students. || The federal role in education. (2010). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html ||
 * 1947 || 2: Technology || Mobile phones invented || Telephone transmissions were now moveable. || Bellis, M. (2011). Selling the cell phone. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa070899.htm ||
 * 1947 || 3: Work || William Levitt builds suburbia || The forerunner to modern layouts for the suburbs around cities. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1948 || 6: Educational Legislature || Article 26 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights || States that everyone has the right to an education. || The universal declaration of human rights. (2011). //United Nations//. http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml ||
 * 1950 || 4: Education || Skinner's Programmed Instruction || A method for students to respond to information broken into smaller pieces. || Vargas, J. (2005). A brief biography of B.F. Skinner. //B.F. Skinner Foundation//. Retrieved from http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html ||
 * 1950 || 5: Society and Culture || The Korean War begins || First significant armed conflict of the Cold War. || Korean War. (2011). //Wikipedia//. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War ||
 * 1950 || 6: Educational Legislature || Impact Aid laws || Gave money to school districts based on military prescence in the area. || The federal role in education. (2010). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html ||
 * 1951 || 2: Technology || Charles Ginsburg invents the first video tape recorder || Allowed for the recording of both images and sound onto tape. || Bellis, M. (2011). The history of video and related innovations. //About.com.// Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvideo.htm ||
 * 1954 || 6: Educational Legislature || National Defense Education Act (NDEA) || Provided funds for increases in math and science in schools || The federal role in education. (2010). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html ||
 * 1954 || 6: Educational Legislature || Brown v. Board of Education || Segregation in the schools is ruled unconstitutional. || Brown v. board of education Topeka. (n.d.). //Cornell University Law School//. Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0347_0483_ZS.html ||
 * 1955 || 1:Toffler Wave 3 || Information Age begins || The Information Age began at about 1955 per Toffler. Characteristics include: One parent families or two working parent families, collaborative jobs, computer to computer communications, and transportation in automobiles and airplanes. || The third wave: the information age. (2011). //Waves of the Future//. Retrieved from http://wavesofthefuture.net/wave-digital-age-green-technology-environment.shtml ||
 * 1956 || 2: Technology || First working robot built || Shows that man can be replaced in the work force. || Timeline of Robotics 2 of 2. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.thocp.net/reference/robotics/robotics2.htm ||
 * 1956 || 3: Work || Eisenhower creates the interstates || This opens the US up for expansion as citizens are free to easily move from one area to another. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 20 to 1. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747942/1.html# ||
 * 1956 || 4: Education || Bloom's Taxonomy of the cognitive domain || The five levels of learning as described by Bloom. They are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis and synthesis (Saettler, 2004). || Huitt, W. (2009). Bloom et al.'s taxonomy of the cognitive domain. Educational Psychology Interactive. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cogsys/bloom.html ||
 * 1957 || 3: Work || first Toyota sold in the U.S. || Japanese cars first gained popularity due to American energy concerns || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1957 || 5: Society and Culture || Soviet Union launches Sputnik || U.S. feels potential threat from USSR. Started the space race between the U.S. and USSR || Garber, S. (2007). Sputnik and the dawn of the space age. //NASA//. Retrieved from http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/ ||
 * 1958 || 2: Technology || Computer modem invented || Allowed distant computers to be connected and communicate with each other. Helps to eventually lead to the development of the Internet. || Wohleber, C. (2008). The modem. //American Heritage.com//. Retrieved from http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2004/3/2004_3_12.shtml ||
 * 1958 || 3: Work || Bank of America creates the first credit card || Allows for purchases from multiple locations. Helps lead to massive consumer spending. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1962 || 2: Technology || The audio cassette invented || Compact size makes for easy transport || Bellis, M. (2011). The cassette tape. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/audiowaxrecordstomp3/a/Cassette_Tape.htm ||
 * 1963 || 4: Education || The Keller Plan || Featured the following: own pacing, mastery, lectures and demos for motivation, stress on the written word, and the use of proctors (Saettler, 2004). || Mergel, B. (n.d.). The basics of behaviorism. //Miami Dade College.// Retrieved from http://faculty.mdc.edu/jmcnair/Joe14pages/basics_of_behaviorism.htm ||
 * 1963 || 5: Society and Culture || JFK signs the Equal Pay Act || Helps to increase the pay rate of women in the work force. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 20 to 1. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747942/1.html# ||
 * 1964 || 4: Education || Individually prescribed instruction || Features the following: prepared units, behavior objective, and pre and post testing (Saettler, 2004) || Mergel, B. (n.d.). The basics of behaviorism. //Miami Dade College.// Retrieved from http://faculty.mdc.edu/jmcnair/Joe14pages/basics_of_behaviorism.htm ||
 * 1964 || 5: Society and Culture || The Surgeon General reports that smoking causes lung cancer in men || Draws the attention of Americans for the problems with smoking tobacco. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 100 to 81. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html# ||
 * 1964 || 5: Society and Culture || The Civil Rights Act becomes Law || Outlaws race and gender work discriminations. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1964 || 6: Educational Legislature || Economic Opportunity Act || Tried to help impoverished citizens get a better education and improve themselves. || Miller, R. (n.d.). Economic opportunity act of 1964. //University of Georgia//. Retrieved from http://jschell.myweb.uga.edu/history/legis/econ.htm ||
 * 1965 || 3: Work || Intelsat 1 goes into service || Introduces commercial broadcasts worldwide || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 80 to 61. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747907/1.html# ||
 * 1965 || 3: Work || President Johnson signs Medicare into law || Medicare was originally funded through Social Security and was meant to be medical insurance for the elderly. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 20 to 1. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747942/1.html# ||
 * 1965 || 5: Society and Culture || Watts neighborhood explodes in race riots || Brings to light the struggles of African Americans living within the inner cities. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1965 || 6: Educational Legislature || Elementary and Secondary Education Act || comprehensive set of programs to help problems in poor rural and urban areas. Includes Title I. || The federal role in education. (2010). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html ||
 * 1967 || 2: Technology || First handheld calculator invented || Could solve problems of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division quickly. Portable display showed up to 12 decimals at a time. || 1967 Electronic handheld calculator invented. (2008). //Texas Instruments Incorporated//. Retrieved from http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/eps/1960/docs/67-handheld_calc_invented.htm ||
 * 1967 || 6: Educational Legislature || Bilingual Education Act || Provided federal funds for students with limited English speaking ability. || Bilingual education act. (2011). //Wikipedia//. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_Education_Act ||
 * 1970 || 4: Education || The Learning Cycle Approach || Inquiry based teaching model based on Piaget's theory. The three most common phases are exploration, conceptual invention, and application. || Research matters - to the science teacher. (2011). //National Association for Research in Science Teaching//. http://www.narst.org/publications/research/cycle.cfm ||
 * 1971 || 2: Technology || VCR invented || Much smaller in scale than the previous VTR invention || Bellis, M. (2011). The history of video and related innovations. //About.com.// Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvideo.htm ||
 * 1971 || 4: Education || Jerome Bruner's Process of Education || One should start with the fundamentals about a topic and then expand to more abstract ones (Saettler, 2004). || Raimi, R. (2004). Jerome Bruner - the process of education. //University of Rochester//. Retrieved from http://www.math.rochester.edu/people/faculty/rarm/bruner.html ||
 * 1971 || 5: Society and Culture || TV and radio ads for cigarettes are banned || Develops from the annoucement by the Surgeon General in 1964. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 100 to 81. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html# ||
 * 1972 || 5: Society and Culture || The Equal Rights Amendment is passed || Affirms the rights of the Constitution to both males and females. || The era: a brief introduction. (2010). //Equal Rights Amendment//. Retrieved from http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/overview.htm ||
 * 1973 || 3: Work || OPEC oil shock || This event shows America how dependent upon oil from foreign sources it is. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1973 || 6: Educational Legislature || The Rehabilitation Act || Prohibits discrimination based on disability. || The federal role in education. (2010). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html ||
 * 1975 || 6: Educational Legislature || Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) || Students with disabilities to receive a free appropriate public education. || Zipkin, A. (n.d.). Special education legislation: a synopsis of federal and state policies. //University of Michigan//. Retrieved from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/356.zipkin/the_education_for_all_handicapped_children_act ||
 * 1976 || 4: Education || Feigenbaum's projects with CAI || Works to develop programs in artificial intelligence. Some of these include PUFF and MYCIN. Both are used for medical purposes (Saettler, 2004). || Smith, G. (1998). Edward Feigenbaum. //Stanford University//. Retrieved from http://ksl-web.stanford.edu/people/eaf/ ||
 * 1978 || 3: Work || University of Phoenix is accredited || The first for-profit university. Helps to pave the way for online schooling frontier. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 100 to 81. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html# ||
 * 1979 || 2: Technology || Cray supercomputer invented by Seymour Cray || First high end production computer. || 1979 review of the Cray-1 supercomputer. (2006). //Modern Mechanix.// Retrieved from http://blog.modernmechanix.com/2006/07/16/1979-review-of-the-cray-1-supercomputer/ ||
 * 1980 || 3: Work || The government bails out Chrysler || Helps to save thousands of jobs. Leads to future government bailouts in the auto industry. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 80 to 61. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747907/1.html# ||
 * 1980 || 3: Work || 401(k) plan created by R. Theodore Benna || Prior to this creation persons had to retire in order to collect a pension. This fund would allow money to be transferred between companies. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1981 || 2: Technology || First IBM-PC invented || first personal computer. || Bellis, M. (2011). Inventors of the modern computer. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa031599.htm ||
 * 1981 || 3: Work || Microsoft is tapped to build operating system || Begins the Microsoft Operating Software monopoly for IBM computers || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1981 || 6: Educational Legislature || The Carl D. Perkins Vocation and Technical Education Act || Provides funds to students for vocational and technical courses. || Johnson, A. (2002). The Carl D. Perkins vocation and technical education act. //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/offices/OVAE/CTE/perkins.html ||
 * 1982 || 4: Education || Hunter's //Mastery Teaching// || Develops a teaching model for direct instruction. || Madeline Hunter's itip model for direct instruction. (n.d.). //Hope College//. Retrieved from http://www.hope.edu/academic/education/wessman/2block/unit4/hunter2.htm ||
 * 1984 || 2: Technology || The CD-rom invented || Versatile carrier of information. Initially held up to 650 MB of data. Floppy disks only held up to 1.5 MB of information. || Cd-rom. (2010). //PCTechGuide//. Retrieved from http://www.pctechguide.com/32CD-ROM.htm ||
 * 1984 || 3: Work || AT&T is dismantled || A monopoly on long distance phone calls is broken up to encourage competition. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 60 to 41. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747934/1.html# ||
 * 1984 || 5: Society and Culture || Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. || Recording television is not found to be a violation of copyright laws. Establishes fair use. || Sony corp. of America v. universal city studios, inc. (2010). //Wikipedia//. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc. ||
 * 1984 || 6: Educational Legislature || Emergency Immigration Education Act || Enacted to provide services and offset the costs to school districts with large numbers of immigrates. || Subpart 4 - emergency immigrant education program. (2004). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg49.html ||
 * 1986 || 5: Society and Culture || Space Shuttle Challenger accident || Christa McAullife was to be the first school teacher in space. Changes the procedures for flights into space. || Garber, S. (2009). Challenger sts 51-l accident. //NASA//. Retrieved from http://history.nasa.gov/sts51l.html ||
 * 1988 || 2: Technology || first digital cellular phones || Changes the quality of mobile transmissions and how they are made || Bellis, M. (2011). Selling the cell phone. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072199.htm ||
 * 1988 || 4: Education || The Roblyer, Castine, & King reviews || Reviews the impact of computer-assisted instruction as a teaching technique. || Cotton, K. (1997). Computer-assisted instruction. //Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory//. Retrieved from http://www.borg.com/~rparkany/PromOriginal/ETAP778/CAI.html ||
 * 1989 || 5: Society and Culture || The Berlin Wall falls || First time that East and West Germany are reunited since WWII. Signals the end of the Cold War || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 40 to 21. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747938/1.html# ||
 * 1990 || 2: Technology || The World Wide Web invented by Tim Berners Lee || Began the phenomenon that is the current version of the Internet. || History of the internet and the world wide web. (2011). //QuinStreet Inc//. Retrieved from http://www.wdvl.com/Internet/History/ ||
 * 1990 || 6: Educational Legislature || Individuals with disabilities education act or IDEA (Public Law 101-476) || Students with disabilities to receive a free appropriate public education. Adapted from the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. || A guide to disability rights laws. (2006). //Department of Justice//. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/cguide.htm ||
 * 1991 || 5: Society and Culture || Gulf War || U.S. attempts to protect Saudi Arabian oil interests from Iraq. || Persian gulf wars. (2007). //Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia//. Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0838511.html ||
 * 1993 || 4: Education || Jacqueline and Martin Brooks' //In Search of Understanding: The Case for Constructivist Classrooms// || Learning occurs when we meaning and understanding of our experiences. This book pushed for the Constructivist Theory. || Constructivism. (2008). //Funderstanding//. Retrieved from http://www.funderstanding.com/content/constructivism ||
 * 1994 || 6: Educational Legislature || Goals 2000: Educate America Act || Supports States efforts to create standards for learning for children in school. || Goals 2000 legislation and related items. (2005). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/G2K/index.html ||
 * 1995 || 2: Technology || DVD invented || Expands the amount of information held on disk from 650 MB up to potentially 17 GB. || Bellis, M. (2011). DVD. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldvd.htm ||
 * 1995 || 3: Work || Netscape goes public || This browser helps to bring the importance of the Web forward to the public. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 20 to 1. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747942/1.html# ||
 * 1995 || 3: Work || Amazon.com opens for business || Largest online bookstore. Only way to visit is through the Internet. || The history of amazon.com. (2010). //Essortment//. Retrieved from http://www.essortment.com/history-amazoncom-21180.html ||
 * 1996 || 3: Work || AOL goes to flat-rate pricing || Helps to change how ISPs charge customers for their services. || TSC Staff. (1999). The basics of business history: nos. 80 to 61. //The Street.// Retrieved from http://www.thestreet.com/story/747907/1.html# ||
 * 1996 || 4: Education || James Banks' //Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action// || Attempts to change the learning environment so all cultures are incorporated. || Multicultural education: goals and dimensions. (2009). //University of Washington//. Retrieved from http://education.washington.edu/cme/view.htm ||
 * 1996 || 5: Society and Culture || Unabomber arrested || Had sent bombs through the mail causing panic for nearly two decades. || Chua-Eoan, H. (2011). The unabomber, 1996. //TIME//. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/2007/crimes/19.html ||
 * 2000 || 1:Wave 4 || Communication Age begins || The Communications Age began between 1995-2000 as per Thornburg. Characterized by massive communications through technology including the Internet and cell phones. || Thornburg, D. (n.d.). Welcome to the communication age. //Thornburg Center//. Retrieved from http://www.tcpd.org/Thornburg/Handouts/CommunicationAge.pdf ||
 * 2000 || 3: Work || Y2K Scare fails to materialize || Widespread fear that computers would not be able to transition to the year 2000 causing massive crashes everywhere and halting businesses. Did not occur as thought. || Apple & the y2k scare. (2011). Web Exordium, LLC. Retrieved from http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/articles/y2k-scare.html ||
 * 2000 || 4: Education || Diane Ravitch's //Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms// || Details successes and failures of the last century of schooling. Also attempts to answer current questions. || Diane Ravitch on her book, 'left back: a century of failed school reforms.' (2000). //Cable News Network//. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/9/5/ravitch/ ||
 * 2001 || 2: Technology || Apple Computers prototype for iPod || Creates digital media files that store audio and video information and are extremely portable. || Bellis, M. (2011). History of the iPod. //About.com//. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/istartinventions/a/iPod.htm ||
 * 2001 || 5: Society and Culture || Terror attacks hit U.S. || World Trade Towers are destroyed in New York. Airline industry and travel regulations are forever changed. || The attack on the world trade center towers. (2009). //America.gov//. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/webchat-english/2009/April/20090428135102atlahtnevel0.7969629.html ||
 * 2002 || 3: Work || Bush signs the corporate reform bill || New penalties for corporate fraud and how accounting is practiced. || Corporate reform bill ok'd. (2011). //Cable News Network//. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2002/07/26/news/corporate_congress/index.htm ||
 * 2002 || 5: Society and Culture || Operation Enduring Freedom begins || U.S. launches the War on Terror in the attempt to irradicate terrorism. U.S. lead invasion of Afghanistan. || Timeline: war in afghanistan. (2010). //JumpStart Productions//. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/428/afghanistan-timeline.html ||
 * 2002 || 6: Educational Legislature || No Child Left Behind Act || Provides standards that each school must reach in terms of pass rates in standardized testing. Leads to the development of Annual Yearly Progress (AYP). || No child left behind: a parent's guide. (2005). //U.S. Department of Education//. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/parents/academic/involve/nclbguide/parentsguide.html ||
 * 2004 || 2: Technology || Facebook launches || Company founded by Mark Zuckerburg. Allows users to connect with each other via profiles. || Phillips, S. (2007). A brief history of facebook. //The Guardian//. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia ||
 * 2005 || 2: Technology || Youtube invented by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim || Method of sharing and watching videos on the web. || Bellis, M. (2011). Who invented youtube? //About.com.// Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/xyzstartinventions/a/YouTube.htm ||
 * 2005 || 5: Society and Culture || Hurricane Katrina disaster || Ecological and economic distaster in New Orleans and surrounding areas. || Hurricane Katrina. (2011). //Wikipedia//. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina ||
 * 2009 || 4: Education || Common Core State Standards Initiative || Attempts to set specific standards for what children are expected to know from learning in schools. || About the standards. (2010). //Common Core State Standards Intiative//. Retrieved from http://www.corestandards.org/about-the-standards ||
 * 2009 || 6: Educational Legislature || American Reinvestment and Recovery Act || Supposed to help increase federal funds for education. || The recovery act. (n.d.). //Recovery.gov//. Retrieved from http://www.recovery.gov/About/Pages/The_Act.aspx ||
 * Saettler, P. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. ||
 * Saettler, P. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. ||
 * Saettler, P. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. ||
 * Saettler, P. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. ||